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Are We Ready for Fuel Cells? Are They Ready for Us?

机译:我们准备好燃料电池了吗?他们为我们准备好了吗?

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The rapid development of fuel cells is driven by the perception that they offer electric power that is produced efficiently without pollution. Indeed, when we look at an isolated fuel cell powered by hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, we see a device that converts 50-60% of the usable energy of the fuel into usable power and produces only water as an emission; no soot, VOC, NOx, CO, or CO_2. Compared with today's gasoline powered automobile engine with 35% energy conversion and emissions of 1.4 grams of NOx, 21 grams of CO, and 407 grams of CO_2 per mile or a coal-fired power plant with 33% energy conversion and emissions of 3.16 grams of NOx, 1.1 grams of CO, and 1028 grams of CO_2 per kilowatt of electricity generated, the fuel cell is amazingly clean. So why aren't fuel cells in widespread use today? Today's fuel cells are quite expensive, but prices are decreasing while reliability and performance are improving. However, we lack the means to deliver pure hydrogen to the fuel cells from an economical and environmentally friendly source. Even if we had a reliable fuel-cell automobile today, we do not have the infrastructure that would allow us to drive up to a service station and fill 'er up with H_2. On-board reformers that convert gasoline into H2 are under development, but well-to-wheels life-cycle analysis indicates that energy efficiency and emission of greenhouse gases would be no better for that system than for a'car with a gasoline-burning engine. Methanol is a cleaner and more efficient fuel for reformers, but we do not have the infrastructure for its distribution either. At the University of South Carolina we are looking for ways to use fuel cells on our campus. That search led us to examine some of the environmental issues associated with producing hydrogen for fuel cells and ultimately to do a life-cycle analysis. During that study we uncovered considerable data on energy conversion for automotive fuel cells. Some of those data are included in this presentation.
机译:燃料电池的快速发展是基于人们对它们提供有效产生的电力而没有污染的认识的驱动。的确,当我们观察由氢(宇宙中最丰富的元素)供电的隔离式燃料电池时,我们看到了一种将燃料的50-60%的可用能量转换成可用功率并仅产生水作为排放物的装置。没有烟灰,VOC,NOx,CO或CO_2。与当今的汽油动力汽车发动机相比,其能量转换率为35%,每英里排放1.4克NOx,21克CO和407克CO_2,或燃煤电厂的能量转换为33%,排放为3.16克每产生1千瓦的电产生NOx,1.1克的CO和1028克的CO_2,则燃料电池非常干净。那么,为什么今天不广泛使用燃料电池呢?当今的燃料电池非常昂贵,但价格却在下降,而可靠性和性能却在提高。但是,我们缺乏从经济,环保的来源向燃料电池输送纯氢的方法。即使我们今天有一辆可靠的燃料电池汽车,我们也没有让我们开车去加油站并加满H_2的基础设施。正在开发将汽油转化为H2的车载重整器,但是轮对车轮的生命周期分析表明,该系统的能源效率和温室气体排放不会比带有汽油燃烧发动机的汽车更好。 。甲醇对于重整炉来说是一种更清洁,更高效的燃料,但我们也没有用于分销的基础设施。在南卡罗来纳大学,我们正在寻找在校园内使用燃料电池的方法。这项搜索使我们研究了与为燃料电池生产氢气相关的一些环境问题,并最终进行了生命周期分析。在该研究中,我们发现了有关汽车燃料电池能量转换的大量数据。其中一些数据包含在此演示文稿中。

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