In a pipelined radix-2 analog-to-digital converter, the residual analog signal forming method takes an analog input and converts the residual analog signal, which is twice the analog signal minus the digital value +2.0 or-2 and the reference voltage multiplied by the digital output value The output stage uses an overflow reduction stage. The calibration technique allows the pipelined analog-to-digital converter using the overflow reduction stage to generate a correction output that requires an add / pipeline stage once. The remaining portion of the overflow reduction stage may be configured using an operational amplifier, two capacitors, one capacitor having twice the capacitance of the other capacitor, and three on-off switches. The radix-2 pipelined converter is configured using a standard 1-bit stage and an overflow reduction stage. The residual analog signal is passed between the stage and the stage as an amplifier remnant when the digital code is extracted from the pipelined analog-to-digital converter. The overflow reduction stage reduces the out-of-range residual signal back to the in-range residual signal. The possibility of multiple display of the same code is prevented if the difference between any two uses three digital output values that are larger than the original output code, thereby preventing the non-monotone input / output signal transfer function. The auto-calibration and original output code correction means prevent non-monotonic and missing codes in the input / output signal transfer function.
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