A macro computational model is presented in this study for simulating the nonlinear staticbehavior of masonry walls. The adopted strategy is based on modeling the nonlinear behaviorof masonry elements considering it as an orthotropic material and then extending it with asimple method to masonry walls. The model is capable of considering shear and flexuraldeformations in the global behavior. It can also predict all possible failure modes in masonrysuch as compressive crushing, bed-joint sliding, rocking, diagonal tension cracking anddiagonal stepped cracking. Suitable material constitutive models and failure criteria areadopted for each failure mode under biaxial stress states. The contact density model has beenmodified and used for simulating the shear behavior in the masonry joints. It is shown that theanalysis results are in good agreement with experimental observations, while the analysis timeis significantly lower comparing to the usual numerical approaches such as finite elementmethods. Moreover, the proposed model can be used as a macro-model for analysis of largestructures and provides reasonable accuracy.
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