Assessment of Risks and Risk Control Options Associated with Liquefied Natural Gas Trucking Operations from Distrigas Terminal, Everett, Massachusetts. Volume I

摘要

The trucking of LNG is primarily associated with distributing LNG to peak storage tanks and satellite facilities for use as a supplement to pipeline natural gas supplies. Various public and private organizations are concerned with the need to evaluate the current and future risks associated with LNG trucking, the risks associated with potential modal alternatives to LNG truck transportation (e.g., barge and rail tank car) and with risk mitigation measures. The focus of the study is an LNG trucking operations originating at the Distrigas LNG facility in Everett, Massachusetts. All important operational parameters necessary for the quantification of overall trucking risks were identified (e.g., number of the truck shipments, their destinations, population density along route, traffic density, etc.). Accidents and spill rate probabilities were estimated on the basis of historical data. Mathematical models to predict the hazard represented by liquid pool fires, vapor cloud fires, and other effects were combined with criteria to estimate damage consequences. Risk profiles were developed to depict the probability and number of fatalities and injuries associated with current planned, and maximum levels of LNG trucking activities. Changes in key operational parameters were evaluated to determine how they might effect the risk, in terms of route characteristics, day versus night travel, improved driver education and enhanced emergency response capabilities.