Nanochannels Preparation and Application in Biosensing

摘要

Selective transport in nanochannels (protein-based ion channels) is already used in living systems for electrical signaling in nerves and mtisdes, and this natural behavior is being approached for the application of biomimetk nanochannels in biosensors. On the basis of this principle, single nanochannels and nanochanne! arrays seem to bring new advantages for biosensor development and applications. The purpose of this review is to provide a general comprehensive and critical overview on the latest trends in the development of nanochannel-based biosensing systems. A detailed description and discussion of representative and recent works covering the main nanochannel fabrication techniques, nanoporous material characterizations, and especially their application in both electrochemical and optical sensing systems is given. The state-of-the-art of the developed technology may open the way to new advances in the integration of nanochannels with (bio)molecules and synthetic receptors for the development of novel biodetection systems that can be extended to many other applications with interest for dinical analysis, safety, and security as well as environmental and other industrial studies and applications.