Hemoptysis: Rethinking Management

摘要

Purpose of Review Hemoptysis is a distressing symptom that necessitates urgent investigation. Despite its prevalence, there is frequent uncertainty regarding the etiology, clinical trajectory, and therapeutic management of hemoptysis. We aim to discuss the causes, diagnostic workup, and pragmatic management strategies for cases of massive and non-massive hemoptysis. Recent Findings Bronchoscopic techniques to control hemoptysis is an emerging area of study. Fogarty balloons and endobronchial blockers are often deployed to isolate the bleeding lung. Depending on the source of bleeding, a variety of endobronchial medical therapies, thermal technologies, and selective sealing methods can be utilized for hemostasis. Initial management of a patient presenting with hemoptysis consists of ensuring adequate airway protection and stabilization of hemodynamics. Following this, hemoptysis can be evaluated and controlled by bronchoscopy, embolization, and/or surgery. Additional research is needed to determine optimal timing of bronchoscopy and if differences in hemostatic techniques result in differences in outcomes, especially for cases of massive hemoptysis.