Electrodeposition of 3D Ordered Macroporous Germanium from Ionic Liquids: A Feasible Method to Make Photonic Crystals with a High Dielectric Constant

摘要

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) nano-structures have been intensively studied in recent years because of their intriguing properties and potential applications. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of various 3DOM nanostructured materials, such as semiconductors, metals, metal oxides, ternary oxides, and polymers. Routes for the synthesis of 3DOM nanoarchitectures with close-packed colloidal crystal templates (CCT) include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrodeposition, chemical (bath) deposition, sol-gel techniques, and atomic layer deposition. Template-assisted electrochemical deposition has been used to synthesize 3DOM structures of nickel, CdS, CdSe, and conductive polymers. This method ensures a high density of the deposited materials, as the deposition occurs in the space between the template spheres filling from the bottom of the electrode up rather than on the surface of the template spheres as for other methods, which lead to filling of only the top few layers.