The wide range of absorption energies observed in visual (425-560 nm) and archaeal (480-590 nm) rhodopsins is one of their most fascinating aspects. This phenomenon has intrigued experimentalists and theoreticians alike even more since it appeared that the retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB) isomer responsible for such a spectral modulation is the same within each of the two protein classes: archaeal (6s-trans,all-trans) and visual (6s-cis,11-cis) rhodop-sins.
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