In transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, the design of chiral ligands is important to achieve a high level of asymmetric induction. A dramatic increase in catalytic activity and enantioselectivity can result from a subtle change in the conformational, steric, and electronic properties of chiral ligands. Many efficient chiral phosphine ligands, especially atropisomeric (atropos) ones, have been reported to induce high enantioselectivity and yield.
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