Subsurface deformation zones in phosphate laser glass after reciprocating scratch in dry air under various loads: (a) 0.3 N, (b) 0.6 N, (c) 0.9 N, (d) 1.2 N. A semielliptical primary damage zone with some “fish bone“ shear deformation bands and microcracks is the main damage mode induced by reciprocating scratch. DOI: 10.1111/ijag.12330 .
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