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The evolving story of rice evolution

机译:水稻进化的演变故事

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摘要

Recent research related to evolution in the primary gene pool of rice, which consists of Oryza species with the A-genome, provides new perspectives related to current and past eco-genetic setting of rice and its wild relatives and fresh insights into rice domestication. In Asia the traits of the rice domestication syndrome are many but due to the remarkable diversification of rice and introgression with wild rice, few traits are consistently different between wild and domesticated rice. Reduced shattering and reduced dormancy are the principal traits of domestication in rice. Using the principal criteria for distinguishing single and multiple origins of crops, recent key research results do not support a polyphyletic origin of domesticated rice in distinctly different geographic regions. While domestication is a long-term process and continues today, a single event during domestication, the selection of the non-shattering sh4 allele, resulted in rice becoming a species dependent on humans for survival - domesticated. Here the apparent contradictions between a single origin of Asian rice and deep genetic divisions seen in rice germplasm are resolved based on a hypothesis of cycles of introgression, selection and diversification from non-shattering domesticated rice, importantly in the initial stages in its center of origin in the region of the Yangtze river valley, and subsequently beyond, as domesticated rice spread. The evolution of African rice differs from Asian rice mainly in the more restricted gene pool of wild rice from which it was domesticated, ecological diversification rather than eco-geographic diversification, and historic introgression from the Asian rice gene pool. The genetics of post-domestication evolution in Asian rice is well illustrated by changes at the waxy locus. For both Asian and African rice becoming domesticated was a single event, it was the subsequent evolution that led to their genetic complexity.
机译:最近与水稻初级基因库(由具有A基因组的水稻物种组成)的进化相关的研究,为水稻及其野生近缘种的当前和过去的生态遗传环境提供了新的视角,并为水稻驯化提供了新的见解。在亚洲,水稻驯化综合症的特征很多,但由于水稻的显著多样化和野生稻的渗入,野生稻和驯化稻之间的性状几乎没有始终不同的特征。减少破碎和减少休眠是水稻驯化的主要特征。使用区分作物单一和多来源的主要标准,最近的主要研究结果不支持在明显不同的地理区域驯化水稻的多系起源。虽然驯化是一个长期的过程,并且一直持续到今天,但驯化过程中的一个单一事件,即非破碎的sh4等位基因的选择,导致水稻成为依赖人类生存的物种——驯化。在这里,亚洲水稻的单一起源与水稻种质中发现的深层遗传分裂之间的明显矛盾,基于非破碎驯化水稻的渗入、选择和多样化循环的假设得到了解决,重要的是,在长江流域地区起源中心的初始阶段,以及随后的更远的地方, 随着驯化水稻的传播。非洲水稻的进化与亚洲水稻的区别主要在于其驯化的野生稻基因库更为有限,生态多样化而不是生态地理多样化,以及亚洲水稻基因库的历史渗入。亚洲水稻驯化后进化的遗传学通过蜡质位点的变化得到了很好的说明。对于亚洲和非洲水稻来说,驯化是一个单一的事件,随后的进化导致了它们的遗传复杂性。

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