A key and updated geographic and taxonomic notes are presented for the five known species comprising the hexandrous clade of Topobea. Topobea arboricola, a Panamanian endemic described and illustrated here, is distinguished by its six stamens per flower, 2-locular ovary, elliptic to ovate leaves with a caudate-acuminate to long-attenuate apex, and unappendaged anther connectives. The need for recording field data on taxonomically useful floral and fruit characters is emphasized.
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