Abstract We report a cationic porphyrin 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(4‐N‐methylpyridyl)‐porphyrin (TMPyP) that can respond to specific bacteria, followed by adaptable photodynamic/photothermal therapy processes. TMPyP could be reduced to phlorin by facultative anaerobes with a strong reducing ability such as E.?coli and S.?typhimurium in hypoxic environments, possessing strong NIR absorption and remarkable photothermal conversion capacity, thus demonstrating excellent antimicrobial activity (>99?) by photothermal therapy. While in an aerobic environment with aerobic bacteria, TMPyP functioned as a typical photosensitizer that killed bacteria effectively (>99.9?) by photodynamic therapy. By forming a host–guest complex with cucurbit7uril, the biocompatibility of TMPyP significantly improved. This kind of bacteria‐responsive porphyrin shows specificity and adaptivity in antimicrobial treatment and holds potential in non‐invasive treatments of bacterial infections.
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