Giant polymersomes are versatile and stable biomimetic compartments that are ideal for building cell-like systems.However,the transport of hydrophilic molecules across the membrane,which controls the function of cell-like systems,is limited by the low permeability of polymeric bilayers.Therefore,mechanisms to control the permeability of polymersomes are necessary to create functional cell-like systems.Here,we describe the design of giant polymersomes equipped with spiropyran-based permeability modulators.Photo-isomerization of the modulators leads to perturbation of the polymer membrane,resulting in increased permeability.The photoactivated polymersomes were used to construct two cell-like systems controlled by light-activated transport of hydrophilic molecules.First,we designed an enzymatic micro-reactor activated by light irradiation.Second,we constructed a hybrid coacervate-in-polymersome system that mimics the adaptive formation of biological condensates in cells.
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