Abstract A novel bacteria‐based drug delivery system, termed “Trojan nanobacteria system”, has been developed in which nanoagents are internalized into engineered bacteria through bacteria‐specific maltodextrin (MD) transporters. Compared to the method of attaching nanoagents to bacterial surfaces, this Trojan system features higher payloads and better stability. In cancer therapy, Trojan nanobacteria can specifically discriminate the tumor region and then penetrate deep tumor tissues. Once in the tumor, the Trojan nanobacteria systems are able to destroy deep tumor tissues due to the combined effects of antitumor protein expression (e.g., tumor necrosis factor‐α, TNF‐α) and photothermal properties.
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