Overcoming Fundamental Limitations in Adsorbent Design: Alkene Adsorption by Non-porous Copper(I) Complexes

摘要

Purifying alkenes from alkanes requires cryogenic distillation. This consumes energy equivalent to countries of ca. 5 million people. Replacing distillation with adsorption processes would significantly increase energy efficiency. Trade-offs between kinetics, selectivity, capacity, and heat of adsorption have prevented production of an optimal adsorbent. We report adsorbents that overcome these trade-offs. [CuBr] 3 and [Cu-H] 3 are air-stable trinuclear complexes that undergo reversible solid-state inter-molecular rearrangements to produce dinuclear [Cu-Br center dot(alkene)] 2 and [Cu-H center dot(alkene)](2). The reversible solid-state rearrangement, confirmed in situ using powder X-ray diffraction, allows adsorbent design trade-offs to be overcome, coupling low heat of adsorption (-10 to -17 kJ mol(alkene)(-1)), high alkene:alkane selectivity (47; 29), and uptake capacity (> 2.5 mol(alkene)mol(Cu3)(-1)). Most remarkably, [Cu-H](3) displays fast uptake and regenerates capacity within 10 minutes.