Seismo-Tectonic Model for the Southern Pre-Rif Border (Northern Morocco): Insights From Morphochronology

摘要

Located at the southern boundary of the Alpine chain in Morocco, the deformation front of the Southern Rif Mountains is a region of moderate tectonic activity, which makes it a good natural laboratory to understand whether, and how, low compressional strains are located on specific structures. Along the approximate to 80 km-long left-lateral, transpressive and reverse fault zone that runs at the toe of the Pre-Rif Ridges, an analysis of high-resolution digital topography provides new geomorphic lines of evidence supporting Quaternary activity along, 20 km-long fault segments. The fault zone can be divided into the Meknes and the Fes segments, which are constrained at depth by reactivated, NE-trending basement faults, delimitating paleo-grabens associated with the Late Triassic-Jurassic opening of the Atlantic Ocean. For selected sites, we used in situ-produced Cl-36, Be-10, and Al-26 and high-resolution topography to infer the timing of abandonment of fluvial markers, which suggest incision rates on the order of 0.6-2 mm/yr. Given their lengths, scaling laws suggest that the identified fault segments should root at about 7-12 km-depth, possibly reactivating former basement normal faults and making them potential seismogenic sources capable of generating M(w)6+ earthquakes, with return times of the order of several hundreds of years. Our new morphochronological data set confirms that the Southern Rif deformation front is a key structure that may have accommodated most of the lateral extrusion of the Rif between the Nubia and Iberia tectonic plates.