Influence of an Ultradisperse Humic Sapropel Suspension on Growth, Photosynthetic Activity, and Copper Accumulation in Peas (Pisum sativum L.)

摘要

The change in the plant growth parameters is shown in model experiments by the example of various commercial high-yielding varieties of green peas (Sofia, Alfa, and Triumf) cultivated in sod-podzolic soil, when a toxic concentration of copper ions (165 mg/kg) and an ultradisperse humate-sapropel suspension (UDHSS) (0.005%-50 ppm) were introduced into the environment. The experiments were carried out two times in four repetitions for each variant under controlled conditions of intensive photoculture. It is shown that for all varieties, the introduction of the metal led to a decrease in the yield, by 57% for the varieties of Alfa and Sofia and by 45% for the Triumf variety. Moreover, in the latter, according to the ratio of inhibition of the biomass of the aboveground/underground organs, the root system turned out to be more stable to the toxicant effect. The average indices of root biomass reduction were only 29%, while for the other two varieties they were 52-62% of the control. When the substrate was contaminated, the Triumf variety differed in having values of copper accumulation in its biomass two times lower than the other two, which, in terms of the degree of tolerance, makes it rather a phytoexcluder for this metal. In addition, soil contamination with toxic copper led to an increase in the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of the Triumf peas by 15%, which is probably also associated with activation of the mechanism of nonspecific compensatory responses of the cultivar adaptation to stress. The introduction of the UDHSS into the medium neutralized the toxic effect of copper in all the above parameters towards the control.