Various high-temperature blackbody sources for quantitative energy measurements in the IR spectral region are developed. Techniques that ensure a stable operation of the sources at high temperature described. The developed blackbody models with maximum temperatures of 2000, 2500, and 3000 K can also operate at other temperatures. Graphite is used as a material for radiators. These blackbodies can be used successfully in radiometric measurements in UV and visible spectral ranges. Blackbodies as high-brightness sources may find wide application in solving the problems of multipass spectrosocopy. The blackbody sources developed as rocket engineering has progressed have remained outside knowledge of foreign scientists. # 1997 Optical Society of America
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