Calculating sustainability for RAS: there is still work to be done

摘要

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are very often presented as the solution to making land-based aquaculture environmentally friendly, and wen acceptable to sustainability-certification auditors and members of the public still critical of the industry. But doctoral student Maddi Badiola of the AZTI-Tecnalia technology centre serving the Basque region of Spain says that RASs' typically high energy costs compromises their economic viability, and because it's often hard to assess, that aspect of sustainability is often excluded from any audit.