Electrophilic Activation of Alkenes by Platimim(II):So Much More Than a Slow Version of Palladium(II)

摘要

The electrophilic activation of alkenes by transition-metal catalysts is a fundamental step in a rapidly growing number of catalytic processes.Although palladium is the best known metal for this purpose,the special properties of its third-row cousin platinum(strong metal-ligand bonds and slow substitution kinetics)have enabled the development of transformations that are initiated by addition to the C=C bonds by protic carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,and phosphorus nucleo-philes,as well as alkene or arene nucleophiles.Additionally,reactivity profiles,which are often unique to platinum,provide wholly new reaction products.This Review concerns platinum-catalyzed electrophilic alkene activation reactions,with a special emphasis on the mechanistic properties of known systems,on the differences between platinum and palladium catalysts,and on the prospects for the development of new systems.