Protective Effect of Antioxidant Medicinal Herbs, Rosemary and Parsley, on Subacute Aflatoxicosis in Oreochromis niloticus

摘要

The object of this study was to conduct the ability of two medicinal herbs, namely rosemary and parsley, for amelioration of aflatoxicosis in Oreochromis niloticus. Two herbs' extracts at three concentrations of either (0, 2 and 4 g kg super(-1) b. wt. divided into 2 doses at the start and the 6 super(th) day of the experiment) and three concentrations of aflatoxin B sub(1), (AFB sub(1) 0, 9 and 18 mg kg super(-1) b. wt. as a single intraperitoneal administration) were tested either individually or in combination. The herbs and AFB, were dissolved in Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO 25%) and injected to fish groups. Sixteen groups of fish were investigated in this study, where A group (control) was injected with saline 0.89%, group B injected with DMSO (control solvent), groups F sub(1) and F sub(2) were injected with AFB sub(1) alone (9 and 18 mg kg super(-1) b. wt., respectively), R sub(1) and R sub(2) groups were injected with rosemary alone (2 and 4 g kg super(-1) b. wt., respectively), groups F sub(1)R sub(1), F sub(1)R sub(2), F sub(2)R sub(1) and F sub(2)R sub(2) were injected with AFB sub(1) + rosemary, while groups P sub(1) and P sub(2) were injected with parsley alone (2 and 4 g kg super(-1) b. wt., respectively); however, F sub(1)P sub(1), F sub(1)P sub(2), F sub(2)P sub(1), and F sub(2)P sub(2) groups were injected with AFB sub(1) + parsley. At the 12 super(th) day of the experiment, blood and liver samples were taken from each group. The results indicated that the AFB sub(1) injected groups revealed a significant increase in mortality rate (MR%) compared with AFB sub(1)-not injected, group F sub(2) was the highest while F sub(1)R sub(1) and F sub(1)P sub(1) were the lowest in MR% among all AFB sub(1) injected fish groups. Also, AFB sub(1) led to reduction of haemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP) and globulin (GL) concentrations and increase in activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). These alterations were significantly ameliorated when fish were injected with herbs' extracts. AFB sub(1) residues showed that the herbs level of 2 g kg super(-1) b. wt. have higher potency of reducing the AFB sub(1) residues than the level of 4 g kg super(-1) b. wt. in case of AFB sub(1) level 9 mg kg super(-1) b. wt. While, in case of AFB sub(1) level 18 mg kg super(-1) b. wt., the groups F sub(2) and F sub(2)P sub(1) showed absence of AFB sub(1) residues. Microscopically, AFB sub(1) presented histopathological changes in hepatopancrease which increased in severity with increasing AFB sub(1) level. These lesions may become less severer in all fish groups injected with AFB sub(1) combined with herbs' extracts especially with the lowest levels of herbs' extracts and AFB sub(1). So, this study concluded that either of rosemary or parsley was found to be safe and successful in protection from aflatoxicosis, particularly at the low level.