High-Rate Foam Fracturing: Fluid Friction and perforation Erosion

摘要

Foam fracturing treatments pumped down 3.5 to 4.5 in. tubing at up to 80 bbl/min have presented problems in control and execu- tion. Wellhead pressures used to predict net entry pressure can give erratic results in the absence of good knowledge of bottom- hole pressure. Since nitrogen (N_2) delivery rates are pressure sen- sitive, errors in bottomhole pressure estimation control problems with both rate and foam quality. Perforation erosion, if unac- counted for, can signal a need for increase in rate to maintain bottomhole pressure.