Combining photovoltaic energy with electric vehicles, smart charging and vehicle-to-grid

摘要

Electric vehicles are expected to greatly increase their market share in the near future. Their impact on the energy system will depend also on the way electricity will be generated. Renewable energy sources and intelligent control strategies will offer relevant solutions to mitigate that impact. In this paper we study the combination of photovoltaic energy and electric vehicles under uncontrolled charging regime and under the application of smart charging and vehicle-to-grid strategies. The analysis assumes different levels of photovoltaic generation and different penetrations of the electric vehicles.