Annus mirabilis and the end of the geocentric causality: Why celebrate the 130th anniversary of Milutin Milankovic?

摘要

Kuhn (1964) in his famous work Structure of scientific revolutions asserts that the evolution of scientific views does not emerge from the straightforward accumulation of facts, but rather from intellectual circumstances, conditions and potentialities. They form a paradigm where scientific consensus is reduced to some basic principles and rules. Scientific activities that obeyed these principles and rules were named normal science by Kuhn. A notorious example for this assertion is the scientific consensus about flat Earth. However, normal science and scientific consensus based on it could also be subject of change. A widely known example in the 20th century is the relativistic abandoning of Newton's concept of absolute space and time and the shift towards a picture of spacetime continuum. This is a turnover credited to Albert Einstein, and therefore the year of 1905, when the special theory of relativity was published, is often called annus mirabilis.