Projecting the effects of climate-driven changes in organic matter supply on benthic food webs in the northern Bering Sea

摘要

Climate-driven changes in seasonal sea ice are expected to affect the timing, magnitude, and fate of phytoplankton production. Production may be increased by longer ice-free periods, or decreased by reduced stratification of the water column without freshwater input from melting ice. Benthic deposit-feeders may experience changes in organic matter (OM) supply owing to altered phytoplankton production, increased zooplankton grazing, or redistribution of settling phytodetritus. Where most benthic taxa subsist on a longer-term pool of sediment OM and bacteria, communities may be partially buffered against varied inputs of phytodetritus. We used network models of benthic food webs in 3 sectors of the northern Bering Sea to simulate effects of changes in OM supply. In the models, sediment OM content, which integrates longer-term inputs of microalgae, was gradually reduced or increased over 10 yr to the lowest or highest levels observed among sampling stations. In both samples and model predictions, decreased sediment OM was linked to quite variable declines among trophic groups, with effective loss of some taxa. Increased sediment OM was coupled with moderate to dramatic increases of different taxa, sometimes with lagged peaks and declines of prey and predators. In the models, meiofauna, protists, and bacteria responded quickly, while macrofauna exhibited 2 yr delays, suggesting short-term but limited buffering by the sediment OM pool. Our results indicate that climate-related changes in phytodetrital inputs can lead to important shifts in benthic biomass, community structure, and functional diversity, with loss of various common taxa.