Genetic Diversity and DNA Barcoding of Wild Mushrooms from Northeast India

摘要

Forest ecosystems of Northeast India are rich in the diversity of wild mushrooms. Few reports have demonstrated the diversity of wild mushrooms from this region on the basis of their morphology. This study reports the characterization of wild mushrooms collected from different locations of Northeast India based on their molecular information of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The identified samples belonged to the genera Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, Hexagonia, Lentinus, Lenzites, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Lycoperdon, Microporus, Panus, Physisporinus, Pleurotus, Polyporus and Trametes. Phylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood method revealed close evolutionary relationships among samples of the same species collected from different locations. There was a positive correlation between phylogenetic distances and heterogeneity in the ITS sequences. High nucleotide variations were observed in the ITS1 and ITS2 segments of ITS region, while the 5.8S ribosomal RNA segment was found as relatively constant throughout different species. The intra-specific distances were recorded from 0 (Lentinus squarrosulus between AAU1 and DH1; Lycoperdon scabrum: between RB6 and KM7) to 0.106 (Lentinus squarrosulus: between AAU4 and KB2), while inter-specific distances were recorded from 0.054 (between Ganoderma tropicum RB1 and G. lucidum RB2) to 0.725 (between Pleurotus giganteus KM1 and Lycoperdon scabrum DIM8). It was concluded that the ITS region can be used as a good genomic marker for DNA barcoding of mushrooms. The barcodes for the samples used in this study are available at BOLD (Barcode of Life Data systems; ).