ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS AND IONS IN TAP WATER: A CASE OF SHANGHAI P DISTRICT

摘要

Water is the most important substance for human beings and living organisms. The presence of heavy metals and ions in the tap water with high concentrations is a serious health hazard. In this work, we evaluate the concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Se, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn and Cl~-, NO_3, F~- and SO_4 in the tap water of Shanghai city. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using ICP-MS analysis, and an IC meter was used for ion determination. The obtained results were assessed by the WHO guideline and the Chinese Standard for drinking water. Furthermore, PCA was conducted to analyze the origins of the studied heavy metals. Result showed higher concentrations for Se compared with the Chinese standard, as for Cd regarding the WHO guideline for drinking water. PCA analysis indicates four principal components: Mn-Fe-Cr, Ni-Zn-Se, Cu-PB-Cd and Co. Most of the studied metals originated from anthropogenic sources. We concluded that paying attention to discharges into the water stream, pipes maintenance and plumbing materials corrosion, combined with long retention time, are of great importance to control the drinking water quality.