Enantioselective Bioaccumulation of Hexabromocyclododecane and Congener-Specific Accumulation of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in an Eastern Canadian Arctic Marine Food Web

摘要

The extent of trophic transfer of the three diastereoisomers of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and seven brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners was examined in components of an Arctic marine food web from eastern Canada, α and γ-HBCD diastereoisomers were detected in all species and total (∑) HBCD concentrations ranged from 0.6 ± 0.2 pg/g (geometric mean ± 1 x standard error (SE), lipid weight (Iw)) in arctic cod to 3.9 ± 0.9 ng/g (Iw) in narwhal. β-HBCD was below method detection limits in all the samples. Mean ΣBDE (sum of seven congeners) concentrations ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 ng/g (Iw) in walrus to 73 ± 10 ng/g (Iw) in zooplankton. The relative trophic status of biota was determined by nitrogen stable isotopes (δ~(15)H), and results indicated clear differences in HBCD isomer and BDE congener profiles with trophic level (TL). Trophic magnification was observed for the a-diastereoisomer and BDE-47 as concentrations increased with increasing TL in the food web, whereas there was trophic dilution of γ-HBCD and BDE-209 through the food web. Only the (-)α-enantiomer showed a strong positive relationship between concentration and TL [p < 0.01) with a trophic magnification factor (TMF) value of 2.2. A small but significant increase in the enantiomeric fraction value of the α-enantiomers with TL was also observed (r~2 = 0.22, p < 0.005), implying that there is an overall preferential enrichment of the (-)α-enantiomer relative to the (+)α-enantiomer likely due to the greater bioaccumulation potential of the (-)α-enantiomer and/or to the greater susceptibility of the (+)α-enantiomer to metabolism.