Dietary and Waterborne Mercury Accumulation by Yellow Perch: A Field Experiment

摘要

It is well accepted that the majority of mono methylmercury (MMHg) in fish originates in their food; however, the additional contribution of water as a source to fish MMHg levels remains unclear. We used isotope enriched mercury (Hg) in a controlled field experiment to quantify the uptake of Hg from ingested and aqueous sources by young-of-year yellow perch (Perm flavesans). Water and zooplankton from a lake that had received ~(202)Hg-enriched additions (called spike Hg) for 7 y during a whole-ecosystem loading study (METAAUCUS) provided natural, low-level Hg exposure. We achieved separation of exposure pathways by housing perch in one of four treatments: dean water + clean food; dean water + Hg spiked food; Hg spiked water + dean food; Hg striked water + Hg spiked food. Fish accumulated MMHg directly from water, and this source accounted for at least 1096 of MMHg in fish during the 27-d trial. Accumulation of spike Hg from water and food was additive, with food providing the majority of spike MMHg taken in by fish. Predictions from a bioenergetics model that exdudes water u a source underestimated Hg in perch by 11%. This study illustrates the importance of acknowledging both food and water as sources of Hg to fish and suggests that aqueous Hg should be induded as a source of contamination in bioaccumulation models and experiments.