Rejoinder

摘要

I thank David Teira, Kevin Hoover, and Aris Spanos for their thoughtful and stimulating reviews. I can only respond to a fraction of the points made. I organize my replies around four topics: clinchers and vouchers; facts and values; theory and evidence; and Friedman and empiricism.rnClinchers and vouchers. The logic of clinchers and vouchers differs. A result produced by a clincher is certain, given the assumptions (and isrntherefore conditional, as Hoover puts it). A voucher turns on facts about certain domains that induce regularities; it speaks for its conclusions on the basis of precedent but without guarantee.