Nanodispersed State of Metals and Their Migration in Carbonaceous Natural Media

摘要

Carbonaceous (black) shales containing increased metallogenic potential [1,2] are generated in definite geodynamic and paleogeographic conditions: predominantly in stagnant riftogenic sea basins where the sedimentary process is accompanied by a supply of products of volcanic and underwater hydrothermal activity [3]. The carbonaceous sedimentary and volcanogenic-sedimentary formations generated in such conditions possess all the necessary ore-genetic potentials (fluid-metallogenic and barrier-geochemical). Metals are therewith often dispersed in the carbonaceous-mineral rock groundmass and do not form separate mineral macroscopic phases. At definite stages of the postsedi-mentation transformation of carbon-containing sediments (diagenesis, katagenesis), biopolymers and geopolymers are generated in it. Under the increasing PT-conditions in the interior, these substances become a source of liquid and gaseous (and able to migrate) components of oils, and all at once to a significant degree inherit the metallogenic potential of the oil source carbonaceous rocks. This is confirmed by the discovery of deposits of oils and bitumoids enriched in metals in different regions of the world [4, 5].