Dynamic ultrasound imaging of the posterior capsule in the shoulder: Tips and tricks

摘要

Shoulder disorders are commonplace in clinical practice of musculo- skeletal physicians. Currently, ultrasound (US) imaging is an established tool to promptly optimize their diagnoses 1 and guided interventions. 2 Herein, different from the “common” pain generators of the shoulder which are usually evaluated during a routine US exam- ination (eg, subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, long head of the biceps ten- don, rotator cuff), 1 the glenohumeral capsule is usually overlooked due to the technical difficulty in distinguishing it from the overlying rotator cuff (ie, low visibility of the acoustic capsule-tendon interface). On the other hand, it is well known that a posterior capsule hypertro- phy/thickening is strongly associated with altered motions of the scapula (ie, scapula dyskinesis), 3 loss of internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint and persistent posterior shoulder pain.