The discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into the receiving river is of concern for the health of the ecosystem. In this study, the microbial diversity impact of Fuxin Meng (FM) WWTP was completed with three pairs of primers. At the time of impact assessment, biochemical tests were carried out as well to investigate the water quality downstream and upstream FMWWTP. The general results showed this plant increased downstream biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 4.3- and 8.1-fold respectively, in comparison with the upstream. The microbial diversity impact from the plant was also investigated with three pairs of universal primers targeting rRNA genes and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) by high-throughput sequencing. The downstream diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities was generally higher than upstream, with the exception of the eukaryotic community. Both biochemical and microbial assessments suggested that FMWWTP deteriorate Xi River water quality, potentially acting as a pollutive source. Of the receiving water. Accordingly, it was necessary to improve the operation of WWTP to live up to the environmental quality standards.
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