Análise multivariada de atributos pedológicos e fitossociológicos aplicada na caracteriza??o de ambientes de cerrado no norte de Minas Gerais

摘要

The Cerrado is one of the main Brazilian expanding regions for agriculture, but the fragility of its ecosystems limits the support capacity for agriculture activities, jeopardizing the preservation of its biodiversity. The objective of this study was to define local patterns of edaphic and vegetation characteristics, of a small watershed in Rio Pardo de Minas municipality (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), as the basis for the sustainable planning for local usage. For such, techniques of phytosociological survey and soils were applied and associated to multivariate statistical procedures, dendrogram and PCA, in order to correlate the spatial distribution of groups of species with soil attributes. The results showed the classification of the environments into two groups, based on the nature of parent materials: arenitic-quartzitic and sandy-clayey and clayey sediments. The selection of variables using the multivariate analysis was able to discriminate the environments represented in the phytosociological plots. The patterns identified by the local farmers corresponded, in general, to the variations in the floristic and phytosociological parameters and edaphic attributes. The absolute density, basal area, Shannon index and the granulometric fractions were the determinant parameters in the differentiation of the environments.