Light Sources and Lighting Circuits

摘要

References(295) Cited-By(1) According to machinery statistics of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the quantity of electric lamps produced in Japan in 2010 was 797,000,000 (129.5% compared to the previous year). Of these, 70,000,000 were general lamps (95.5% compared to the previous year) and 35,000,000 were halogen lamps (109.7% compared to the previous year). The number of fluorescent lamps produced was 545,000,000 (86.9% compared to the previous year), and the number of general fluorescent lamps excluding backlights was 251,000,000 (104.5% compared to the previous year). Furthermore, the number of HID lamps produced was 9,700,000 (127.3% compared to the previous year). On the other hand, when looking at sales compared to the previous year, the results for general lighting electric lamps, halogen lamps, general fluorescent lamps, backlights, and HID lamps were 87.3%, 105.1%, 98.1%, 64.7%, and 110.7%, respectively. Moreover, the sales of bulb-type fluorescent lamps included in general fluorescent lamps were 83.9% when compared to the previous year. Adding up these numbers to discuss trends is not an easy task, but we can glean two conflicting factors from this data: a long-term reduction via transition to LED light sources, and a short-term recovery from the significant reduction caused by the economic downturn of 2009. Only backlights show a significant reduction of more than 30% for 2 years in succession, due in large part to a switch to LED lighting. Our main exhibitions included “LED Next Stage 2010” in March and “LED Japan 2010” in September, both in Japan, while overseas we held “Strategies in Light 2010” in February (Santa Clara USA), and Light + Building 2010 in April (Frankfurt Germany). For research activities, the “12th Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources”, and the “3rd Conference on White LEDs” were held jointly in July 2010 (Eindhoven, Netherlands), and abbreviated as “LS-WLED 2010”. Changes continue to be made internationally as well in the illumination fields, from conventional tubes using discharge and heat radiation to solid LED light sources. The joint conference made it very clear that the future of these industries will have a strong influence on the direction of scholastic activities. As for incandescent bulbs, a report was made concerning tungsten material, but there was almost no sign of new products or research activities, with worldwide usage bans or stops in production. In Europe, ErP Directive (Energy-related Products Directive) exist to phase out sales, with 2012 set as a phase-out target domestically. A special issue of the Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan took a look back on the incandescent bulb's 130 year history. As for fluorescent lamps, there was no change in direction regarding their development for low energy, long-life sources of illumination, although there was a decrease in the number of new products announced. And although bulb-type fluorescent lamps offer the benefit of an initial low cost, bulb-type LED lamps are clearly dominating the market. New product development and research of LED light sources was very active. From a practicality standpoint, many new bulb-type LED lamp products are now on the domestic market, with luminous efficiency improvements, luminous flux improvements, reduction in weight, and diversification of E17 base products. Narrow light distribution angle was raised as an issue. Standardization activities were also held, and a JEL document was established for GX16t-5 straight tube LED lamps with base by the Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association (JELMA). In the high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp field, product development and technological research related to ceramic metal halide lamps is as popular as ever. Unsaturated ceramic metal halide lamps and mercury free metal halide lamps were introduced at LS-WLED 2010. There were also many reports (…)