Performances of elite amaranth genotypes in grain and leaf yields in Northern Tanzania

摘要

Amaranth is one of the most commonly produced and consumed indigenous vegetables on the African continent. In Tanzania amaranth constitutes about 5.3% of total vegetable hectarage planted annually. Most cultivated varieties of amaranth are landraces with relatively poor leaf and grain yield. This study was conducted to identify genotypes with potential for dual purpose (leaf and grain) use for promotion or further cultivar development. An experiment was carried out in two seasons at AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center in Arusha, Tanzania from Feb to May and June to Sep 2012. Fourteen genotypes were used in a randomized complete block design. Results indicated that leaf yield differed significantly among the genotypes in both trial 1 (p ≤ 0.01) and 2 (p ≤ 0.05). The highest leaf yields were obtained in genotypes RVI00117 (32.8 t/ha) and RVI00002 (14 t/ha) in trial 1 and 2, respectively. The lowest leaf yields were obtained from genotypes RVI00121 and RV00090 (4 and 6.3 t/ha) in trials 1 and 2, respectively. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) among genotypes for grain yield obtained after leaf harvesting. Genotype RVI00022 had the highest seed yield (1971.3 kg/ha) over the two seasons. Where leaf was not harvested, genotype RVI00121 had the highest seed yield (2920 kg/ha) over the two seasons. From this study, we recommend genotypes RVI00121 and RVI00001 for grain production. For dual purpose use, we recommend RVI00007 during warm and wet conditions and RVI00022 during cool and dry condition.