Attenuation of Negative Impacts by Micro Algae and Enriched Artemia salina on Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei Larval Culture

摘要

Shrimp farming is one of the most important aquaculture and economically lucrative practices of maritime countries. Providing a Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) shrimps to the farmers is a big challenge that must be addressed to meet the demand. In general, microalgae are utilized in aquaculture as a live feed for the shrimps. However, their importance in the attenuation of negative impacts of pathogenic microbial load , eutrophication and promotion of shrimps growth has to be delineated by experimental investigations to justify the above specific pathogen free shrimps. The present study was carried out to investigate the feeding of five different microalgae and algae enriched Artemia salina . Nauplii on digestive enzyme activity, growth, survival rate, microbial load on Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei from zoea to post larvae (20 stages) and other water quality. Microalgae such as Isochrysis galbana , Cheatoceros calcitrans , Tetraselmis sp., Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. were obtained from AMET Microbial Culture Collection Centre, Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University. Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei at PL 20 stage showed maximum protease and amylase (digestive enzyme) activity, maximum length and survival rate when fed with Artemia salina nauplii enriched with C. calcitrans followed by Chlorella sp. On studying the water quality parameters such as, pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and ammonia it was found better in tank II where the shrimps were fed with Artemia salina enriched with C. calcitrans. Regarding the vibrio load at different stages of P. monodon and L. vannamei larvae and cultured water it was comparatively lower in tank II, where the shrimps were fed with Cheatoceros calcitrans and enriched Artemia salina than other groups. It is concluded that, the use of Cheatoceros calcitrans and enriched Artemia salina will reduce the potential negative impacts in the environment and promote production of shrimp larvae in hatcheries and fetch benefits to local economies.