AVALIA??O DA EFICIêNCIA DE FOSSA SéPTICA DE BAIXO CUSTO DESENVOLVIDA PARA O SANEAMENTO RURAL

摘要

The wastewater treatment is mandatory for the healthy life, biodiversity protection, even as to reclamation and maintenance of environmental resources. However, in spite of the advancements in the last years, the basic sanitation in Brazil still presents a critical situation to overcome. In this context, alternative solutions are extremely important, especially in the rural area, where there is a ratio even larger of people without sewage system. Nevertheless, the use of alternative technologies requires precautions, mainly in relation to the treatment effluents. Thus, the present paper aims to analysis the performance of an economical septic tank (EST) applied to the rural sanitation, built in the Horto Aimoré settlement, Pederneiras city, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Based on the principles of septic tank of chambers in series, the assessed technology was developed by Municipal Department of Agriculture of Caratinga city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from the proposal of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency. For that, capability indicators of eliminating pathogens and reducing the polluting load were considered. As a result, the analyses of parameters as total coliforms and Escherichia coli, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, pH and Total Solids content, indicated that the ETS can be considered a promising solution, but it requires further studies with regard to effluents disposal that, by the analyses results, do not meet the requirements to disposal in hydrous bodies. Therefore, in future works the intend is the deepening of the analyses, in order to obtain more information on the sludge generated and to support its adequate handling and disposal.