Fuzzy Based Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

摘要

Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a particular kind of sensor networks which ischaracterized by using acoustic channels for communication. UWSN is challenged by great issues speciallythe energy supply of sensor node which can be wasted rapidly by several factors. The most proposedrouting protocols for terrestrial sensor networks are not adequate for UWSN, thus new design of routingprotocols must be adapted to this constrain. In this paper we propose two new clustering algorithms basedon Fuzzy C-Means mechanisms. In the first proposition, the cluster head is elected initially based on thecloseness to the center of the cluster, then the node having the higher residual energy elects itself as acluster head. All non-cluster head nodes transmit sensed data to the cluster head. This latter performs dataaggregation and transmits the data directly to the base station. The second algorithm uses the sameprinciple in forming clusters and electing cluster heads but operates in multi-hop mode to forward datafrom cluster heads to the underwater sink (uw-sink). Furthermore the two proposed algorithms are testedfor static and dynamic deployment. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposedalgorithms resulting in an extension of the network lifetime.