Geospatial semantics, ontology and knowledge graphs for big Earth data

摘要

Big Data has attracted a lot of attention from governments, industries and academia,and it has been applied to a large number of fields around the world. Big Earth datarefers to big data associated with the Earth sciences that is characterized as beingmassive, multi-source, heterogeneous, multi-temporal, multi-scalar, highly dimensional,highly complex, nonstationary, and unstructured (Guo, 2017b; Guo et al., 2017a). Mostbig Earth data is related to a geographical location and is usually referred to asgeospatial data (LeeandKang, 2015).