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Covariations between Shell-Growth Parameters and the Control of the Ranges of Variation of Functionally Relevant Shell-Shape Parameters in Bivalves: A Theoretical Approach

机译:双壳动物壳生长参数与功能相关壳形状参数变化范围的控制之间的协变:一种理论方法

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摘要

Major traits of shell shape in bivalves may alternatively be described in terms of (i) functionally relevant parameters, assumed to play a significant role in the adaptation of bivalves molluscs to their environments (such as the shell-outline elongation E, ventral convexity K, and dissymmetry D), or (ii) growth-based parameters, directly controlled by the animal. Due to the geometrical linkage between functionally-relevant and growth-based parameters, adaptive constraints that may either widen or narrow the respective ranges of variations of the functional parameters lead to the onset of specific covariations (either positive or negative) between the growth-based parameters. This has practical interest since adaptive constraints are often difficult to identify directly, while they can be conveniently inferred indirectly via the easily recorded patterns of covariances between growth-based parameters. Hereafter, I provide the theoretical background of this tool, including (1) establishing the geometrical relationships between growth-based and functionally relevant parameters and (2) then specifying the correspondences between the different patterns of adaptive constraints, widening or narrowing the variations of the functional parameters and the corresponding patterns of covariations between the growth-based parameters. Illustrative examples of the practical use of this tool are provided, considering both interspecific and intraspecific variations within marine and fresh-water clams.
机译:双壳类动物壳形的主要特征可以用(i)功能相关参数来描述,假定这些参数对双壳类软体动物适应其环境起着重要作用(例如壳外轮廓伸长率E,腹侧凸度K, D),或(ii)由动物直接控制的基于生长的参数。由于功能相关参数和基于增长的参数之间的几何联系,可能会扩大或缩小功能参数的各个变化范围的自适应约束会导致基于增长的参数之间发生特定的协变(正或负)参数。这具有实际意义,因为适应性约束通常很难直接识别,而可以通过基于增长的参数之间容易记录的协方差模式方便地间接推断出它们。此后,我提供了此工具的理论背景,包括(1)在基于增长的参数和功能相关的参数之间建立几何关系,(2)然后指定自适应约束的不同模式之间的对应关系,扩大或缩小功能参数以及基于增长的参数之间的协变模式。考虑到海洋和淡水蛤within的种间和种内变化,提供了该工具的实际使用示例。

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