济南市河流水体污染源解析及空间分布特征

摘要

基于2014年5月、8月、11月对济南市的4个一级水生态功能区48个采样点的数据,选取电导率(EC)、溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、硝酸氮(NO-3-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO-2-N)、化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)等指标对济南市河流水质进行分析.采用因子分析法提取了影响河流水质的主要因子,探寻污染源,并与综合水质指数法评价结果进行对比.结果表明:所选4个主成分分别代表盐离子水平、氮磷因子、有机污染因子及"三氮"污染因子,其河流水体污染主要受土地利用类型及人类活动影响;各污染因子主要分布在小清河山地-丘陵生态区和徒骇马颊河平原生态区,黄河山地生态区水环境较好.%For surface water contamination management and contamination source identification,forty?eight water samples were collected from four primary water zones in Jinan City in May,August and November 2014. The physiochemical factors of water samples including EC,DO, CODMn, TP,TN,NH4+-N,NO3--N,NO2--N,COD and BOD5were measured and analyzed. The Factor Analysis(FA)method was em?ployed to assess the degree of surface water contamination and identify the contamination source.Four factors were extracted to represent water pollution sources and spatial distribution and the results were compared with the comprehensive pollution index of water quality. We find out that the four extracted factors represent the level of saline ions,nitrogen and phosphorus emission,organic pollution and ammonia?nitrite?ni?trates. The main pollution sources come from domestic and industrial waste water discharge,fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture. Ac?cording to the spatial distribution of four factors,the surface water pollution is more serious inⅣTuhaimajia River ecotope andⅢXiaoqing River ecotope,in the contrast,the water environment of ecotope in the hilly area of the Yellow River is better.