阿克苏红富士苹果盛果期根系空间分布规律

摘要

为了建立根系吸水模型以探讨盛果期苹果科学的田间灌溉和施肥方法,采用挖掘剖面和分层取样法,利用WinRHIZO Pr02010a根系分析系统,对在漫灌条件下盛果期阿克苏红富士苹果其吸收根(根径＜2mm)和输导根(根径≥2mm)的空间分布情况进行了调查分析.结果表明:在水平方向上,苹果的吸收根与输导根主要集中分布在0～300 cm的范围内,其吸收根和输导根的根长密度和根表面积表现出“双峰型”的分布规律,其主要原因是在试验地水平距离50～100 cm的范围内进行了挖沟施肥,而此范围内的根量低于25～50 cm与100～125 cm水平分布的根量；在垂直方向上,苹果吸收根与输导根根量主要集中分布在0～120 cm的土层内,吸收根和输导根都表现出“单峰型”的分布规律,吸收根的根长密度和根表面积最大值出现在30～40 cm的土层深处,输导根的根长密度与根表面积最大值都出现在40～50 cm的土层深处.试验结果表明,距离树干0～300 cm范围的0～120 cm深的土层是盛果期苹果田间水肥管理的重要区域.%To establish root system water uptake model and research scientific field irrigation and fertilization method at full bearing period,with profile digging and layered sampling methods,the spatial distribution of absorbing roots (root diameter ＜ 2 mm) and conducting roots (root diameter ≥ 2 mm) of Red FuJi Apple at full bearing period in Akesu was investigated and analyzed under the condition of flood irrigation by using WinRHIZO Pro2010a root analysis system.The results show that in the horizontal directions,distribution of absorbing roots and conducting roots is concentrated in soil at the distance of 0-300 cm,distribution of root length density and root surface area of absorbing roots and conducting roots show a trend of double peaks.The main reason is trenching fertilization is at the horizontal distance within the range of 50-100 cm,and root number is less than that at 25-50 crn and 100-125 cm horizontal distribution.In the vertical directions,distribution of absorbing roots and conducting roots is concentrated in soil at the depth of 0-120 cm.Distribution of absorbing roots and conducting roots exhibit a trend of a single peak,and the maximum root length density and root surface area of absorbing roots is in soil at the depth of 30-40 cm.The maximum root length density and root surface area of conducting roots is in soil at the depth of 40-50 cm.Thus the soil layer at the depth of 0-120 cm in the 0-300 cm from the trunks is important for water and fertilizer management of apple.