山茱萸种质资源表型性状多样性及相关性分析

摘要

为了给山茱萸种质筛选和新品种选育提供参考依据，对选自河南山茱萸主产区8个居群的43份具有代表性的山茱萸种质资源的果实纵横径、种子纵横径、果实百粒质量、种子百粒质量、果肉干质量、出肉率、出药率等表型指标进行了测定，并分析了其变异系数和各个性状指标间的相关性。测定结果显示：果实纵径、果实横径、果柄长、种子纵径、果实百粒质量、种子百粒质量、果肉干质量和出药率的变异系数均高于10%，说明这些性状在不同个体间的差异较大，多样性丰富；而种子横径和出肉率的变异系数均低于10%，说明这些性状的变异比较小，遗传稳定性较高。相关性分析结果表明：果实百粒质量和果肉干质量与果实纵横径的相关性较高，其中果实百粒质量与果实纵、横径的相关系数分别为0.788和0.881（P＜0.01），果肉干质量与果实纵、横径的相关性系数分别为0.646和0.649（P＜0.01），说明果实纵横径是影响果实百粒质量和果肉干质量的重要因素；而出肉率和出药率与果肉干质量呈极显著性正相关（其相关系数分别0.605和0.536，P＜0.01），这表明果肉干质量是影响山茱萸出肉率和出药率的关键因素。%In order to provide a reference for germplasm screening and new varieties breeding in Cornus officinalis, taking 43 representative germplasm resources from 8 C. ofifcinalis populations at the main producing areas of Henan as materials, some phenotypic indexes were determined, including fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, seed longitudinal diameter, and so on, and variation coefifcient and correlation of the indexes were analyzed. The results show that the variation coefifcients of fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, carpopodium length, seed longitudinal diameter, 100-fruit mass, 100-seed mass, dry lfesh mass, medicine rate are over 10%. It explains that the indexes have large differences and rich diversity among individuals. The variation coefifcients of seed transverse diameter and percentage of fresh lfesh are less than 10%, which indicates that the indexes have small variation and high genetic stability among individuals. Moreover, the results of correlation analysis indicate that fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters have higher correlation with 100-fruit mass (correlation coefifcients are 0.788 and 0.881 respectively, P<0.01) and dry lfesh mass (correlation coefifcients are 0.646 and 0.649 respectively, P<0.01), so the indexes are important factor affecting 100-fruit mass and dry lfesh mass. Dry lfesh mass has extremely signiifcant positive correlation with percentage of fresh lfesh and medicine rate, and correlation coefifcients are 0.605 and 0.536 respectively (P<0.01), which indicates that dry lfesh mass is a key factor affecting percentage of fresh lfesh and medicine rate.