不同枣品种花粉的形态特征和萌发特性

摘要

为调控枣花芽分化,为丰产栽培提供理论指导,以鸡蛋枣、以色列1号枣、以色列3号枣、引-10枣、中秋酥脆枣5个枣品种为试材,采用纤维素酶法、电镜扫描、琼脂培养法对其进行花粉量、花粉形态、花粉萌发特性的研究.结果表明:(1)5个枣品种单药花粉量为311~1 115,其中以色列3号枣的花粉量最少,中秋酥脆枣的花粉量最多;(2)5个枣品种的花粉形态为长椭圆形或细长椭圆形,具3条狭长萌发沟,极端不汇合,表面为网状雕纹;(3)不同品种花粉萌发对培养基中硼酸及蔗糖浓度具有选择性,以色列1号枣、引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适硼酸质量浓度为10.0 mg/L,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适硼酸质量浓度分别为30.0、50.0 mg/L.引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适蔗糖质量分数分别为20%、15%,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适蔗糖质量分数为10%.以色列1号枣在各种培养条件下,平均萌发率为2.04%,属于雄性高度不育品种.%In order toregulatelfower bud differentiationinjujubeand to providea theoreticalguidancefor high-yield cultivation, takingifvejujube cultivarsas experimentalmaterials,including Eggjujube, Israel No.1, Israel No.3, Yin-10,andMid-Autumn crispjujube, pollenamount, pollenmorphology, pollengermination characteristicswereresearched by using themethods of cellulose enzymatic, electronmicroscope scanning,andagar culture. Theresults showed that: (1) Pollenamount peranther in theifvejujube cultivarswere between 311and 1115, pollenamountin Israel No.3was theleast,and thatinMid-Autumn crispjujubewas themost; (2) Pollenmorphologyinifvejujube cultivarswaslong or slender oblong, had threelongand narrowgermination ditcheswithoutmeetingin the pole tips,and had net-sculptures; (3) Pollengermination of different jujube cultivars had selectivity of H3BO4and sucrose concentrationsinmedia, the optimalmass concentrations of H3BO4for Israeli No.1, Yin-10and eggjujubewere 10.0mg/L,and thosefor Israel No.3andMid-Autumn crispjujubewere 30.0and 50.0mg/L,respectively. The optimal sucrosemassfraction concentrationsfor Yin-10and Eggjujubewere 20%and 15%, respectively,and thosefor Israel No.3andMid-Autumn crispjujubewere 10%. Theaveragegerminationrate of Israel No.1 was 2.04% underall of the culture conditions,which belonged to the cultivar ofmaleinfertility.