不同种类油茶籽油的品质分析与比较

摘要

为了了解不同加工工艺、不同贮藏时间对油茶籽油品质的影响,进而为日后生产上合理选择与控制加工工艺、消费时有效选择与使用油茶籽油提供理论与技术方面的依据,以3种油茶籽油——压榨毛油、浸出毛油、精炼成品油为原料,对其主要理化指标、脂肪酸组成与含量以及不同年份的变化情况进行了分析与比较.结果表明:这3种油在酸价、碘值、皂化值、过氧化值之间均存在极显著差异,在折光指数之间存在着显著差异.这3种油的脂肪酸组成及相对含量基本一致,均以油酸为主,含量都在74%以上;其次是棕榈酸,含量在13%~14%之间;再者就是亚油酸,含量约在7%~9%之间.三者的不饱和脂肪酸含量均超过84%,其中精炼成品油最高,压榨毛油次之,浸出毛油最低;单不饱和脂肪酸含量以压榨毛油最高,达76.967%,其次是精炼成品油,含76.646%,浸出毛油最低,为75.066%;多不饱和脂肪酸含量以浸出毛油最高,达9.300%,其次是精炼成品油,含8.000%,最低的是压榨毛油,为7.433%.不同年份生产的油茶籽压榨毛油,在脂肪酸相对含量上会发生一定的变化,从而对油的品质与贮藏稳定性产生一定的影响.%In order to understand the effects of different processingand different storage time onquality ofCamellia oleifera seed oil,and to providea theoreticaland technological basisforrational selectionand controlling processingin productionandavailable selectionand usingC. oleifera seed oilin consuming. Three differentkinds ofC. oleifera seed oilwere takenasrawmaterials,including pressed crude oil, extracted crude oilandreifned oil. Themain physicochemical indexes, compositionand contents offattyacidsaswellas changesin different yearswereanalyzedand compared. The results showed that therewerevery signiifcant differences betweenacidvalue,iodinevalue, saponiifcationvalueand peroxidevaluein the threekinds of oils,and the differencesinrefractiveindexeswere significant. Compositionand relative contents of thefattyacidsin the threekinds of oilswerealmost the same,and oleicacid occupied themost of the percentage (over 74%). Followed by palmiticacid (13%-14%),and thenwas thelinoleicacid (about 7%-9%). All unsaturatedfattyacid contentsin the threekinds of oilsweremore than 84%,anditin thereifned oilwas the highest, followed by the pressed crude oil,and thatin the extracted crude oil contentwas thelowest.Monounsaturatedfatty acid contentin the pressed crude oilwas the highest, up to 76.967%,followed by thereifned oil (76.646%),and thatin the extracted crude oilwas thelowest (75.066%). Polyunsaturatedfattyacid contentin the extracted crude oilwas the highest, up to 9.300%,followed by thereifned oil (8.000%),and thatin the pressed crude oilwas thelowest (7.433%).The pressed crude oil ofC. oleifera seed producedin different years, had some changesin therelative content offatty acid,and thus oilqualityand stabilityin storagewereaffected.