2种灌溉器在葡萄节水灌溉中的应用效果对比研究

摘要

Field contrast experiment of grape irrigation in greenhouse was carried out,and saving water effects of dip cylinder and dip tape were studied in grape irrigation.The results showed that under the same irrigation amount,water infiltration was horizontal model and longitudinal soil water content was decreased gradually from soil surface to deep layer after applying traditional saving water irrigation equipment (drip irrigating tape),but water infiltration was parabolic model and longitudinal soil water content was increased gradually from soil surface to deep layer after applying dip irrigation cylinder,and air relative humidity in greenhouse was decreased and quality and yield of grapes were increased.Single fruit mass,soluble solids content and yield were 10.26 g,17.58％ and 33 957.30 kg·hm-2 respectively,which were increased by 30.04％,15.35％ and 25.13％ compared to the effects of dip tape.Titration acid content was 0.32％,which was decreased 21.95％,and fruit color was changed into deep red from pale red.In view of advantages in water delivery,increasing quality and yield of grape,dip cylinder was suggested to apply to fruit trees with deep root system.%在设施日光温室葡萄灌溉过程中,通过设立田间对比试验,研究了滴灌筒和滴灌带2种灌溉器在葡萄节水灌溉中的应用效果.结果表明:在相同灌溉量下,采用滴灌带灌溉后,水分水平下渗模式为直线形,土壤纵向含水量从地表到深层递减;而应用滴灌筒灌溉后,水分水平下渗模式为抛物线形,土壤纵向含水量从地表到深层递增,同时降低了灌溉后日光温室内空气相对湿度,提高了葡萄品质和产量.采用滴灌筒灌溉后,葡萄的单粒质量、可溶性固形物含量和产量分别为10.26 g、17.58％和33 957.3 kg·hm-2,较应用滴灌带灌溉分别提高了30.04％、15.35％和25.13％,可滴定酸含量为0.32％,较应用滴灌带灌溉降低了21.95％,且果实外观色泽由浅红变为深红.鉴于滴灌筒在葡萄水分配送和提质增产方面的优势,建议在葡萄等深根系果树上推广应用.