不同板栗品种(单株)果实重要农艺性状的模糊综合评价

摘要

In order to learn genetic variation of important agronomic characteristics of Chinese chestnut cultivars,nut external characteristics and kernel nutrients of 34 Chinese chestnut cultivars (individuals) were observed and determined,and the method of fuzzy mathematics was used to assess nut quality.The results showed that cone mass,transverse diameter,vertical diameter,nut mass,nut shape index and kernel rate had extremely significant differences among different cultivars (individuals).The seedling tree (No.011) had the biggest nut shape index (1.82),and ‘Guihua Xiang’ (No.298) had the highest value of single nut mass and single kernel rate.The kernel rate of ‘Te Zao’ (No.182) was the highest.The contents of solid soluble sugar,starch and soluble protein in nut had extremely significant differences among different cultivars (individuals).Through analyzing the indexes,such as single nut mass,dry material mass,starch content,solid soluble sugar content,and so on,linear membership functions of each index was established.Based on the principle of maximum degree of membership,each indexes of quality were sorted,and nut qualities of ‘Jianding Youli’ (No.358),‘Wangzitou-7’ (No.283),‘Cenkou Dali’ (No.374),‘Guihua Xiang’ (No.25),‘Shuanghe Dahongpao’ (No.216) were the best.%为了研究不同板栗品种(单株)果实重要农艺性状的遗传变异规律,对34个板栗品种(单株)的果实外观特征和种仁营养物质进行了观测,并应用模糊数学法对不同品种(单株)果实品质进行了隶属函数模糊评价.研究结果表明:不同品种(单株)板栗球果的质量、横径、纵径和果实的质量、果形指数、出仁率间均存在极显著差异,其中,实生树(011号)的果形指数(1.82)最大,桂花香(298号)品种的单果平均质量和种仁平均质量均最大,特早(182号)品种的出仁率最高;不同品种(单株)板栗种实的可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量间均存在极显著差异.通过分析板栗品种(系)栗实的单粒质量、干物质、淀粉、可溶性糖等指标的测试数据,建立了各指标的线性隶属函数,在对各隶属度进行加权平均的基础上,根据最大隶属原则对各品质指标进行了排序,综合权重比较得出,尖顶油栗(358号)、汪字头7号(283号)、岑口大栗(374号)、桂花香(25号)及双合大红袍(216号)等品种的果实品质均最佳.