油茶新造林杂草发生规律与防除技术

摘要

At present,researches on weeds in Camellia oleifera forest is rare.In order to provide some scientific basis for safely weeding and controlling weeds in C.oleifera forest,occurrence law and damage stituation of weeds in young C.oleifera forest in Dujiachong Forest Farm of Hunan Academy of Forestry were investigated,summarized and analyzed,and control effect of three treatments of film mulching,mowing-burying grass,chemical weeding on controlling weeds were researched.The results showed that there were 22 families and 43 species of weeds in the C.oleifera forest.Gramineous weeds accounted for 23％,and broadleaf weeds accounted for 77％.There were 9 species of annual weeds,accounting for 21％,and 34 species of perennial weeds,accounting for 79％.All weeding ways could effectively inhibit growth of weeds.Based on effects of controlling all weeds from strong to weak,the order of the treatments was chemical weeding,mowing-burying grass,film mulching,CK;based on effects of controlling gramineous weeds from strong to weak,the order was chemical weeding,mowing-burying grass,CK,film mulching;based on effects of controlling broadleaf weeds from strong to weak,the order was chemical weeding,mowing-burying grass,film mulching,CK.In view of toxicity of glyphosate,it was suggested to promote mowing-burying grass technology combinating with mechanization.%目前我国关于油茶林地中杂草的研究基本为零.为给油茶新造林安全除草控草提供科学依据,对湖南省林业科学院试验林场(杜家冲林场)油茶良种基地上油茶幼林中杂草的发生规律及危害情况进行了调查和总结分析,还设计了覆膜除草、割草-埋草、化学除草3种处理,就其对样地油茶幼林中杂草的防除效果进行了试验研究.调查结果表明:该基地油茶幼林中有22科43种的杂草.其中,禾本科杂草占杂草总数的23％,阔叶杂草占杂草总数的77％;1年生杂草有9种,占杂草总数的21％,多年生杂草有34种,占杂草总数的79％.试验结果表明:不同除草方式均能有效抑制杂草的生长,对于所有杂草的除草效果,各处理的影响顺序分别为化学除草＞割草-埋草＞覆膜除草＞对照;对于禾本科杂草的防除效果,其影响顺序分别为化学除草＞割草-埋草＞对照＞覆膜除草;对于阔叶杂草的防除效果,其影响顺序分别为化学除草＞割草-埋草＞覆膜除草＞对照.鉴于草甘膦的毒性,文中提出了要结合采用机械化方式推广应用割草-埋草技术的建议.